This course provides students with a comprehensive exploration of the history, philosophy, ethics, and jurisprudence of Naprapathy, Presents the rationale for Naprapathic principles, theories and techniques. Covers the history of Naprapathy from its origins up to the present, evolution of its philosophy principles and an introduction to the ethical principles of Naprapathic treatment as well as the legal parameters of the Naprapathic Practice Act.

The course begins with an in-depth examination of the historical development of Naprapathy, tracing its roots back to its origins in manual medicine. Students will explore key figures, seminal texts, and significant milestones that have shaped Naprapathic theory and practice over time. Philosophical inquiries into the principles and concepts central to Naprapathy will form a core component of the course. Students will analyze the philosophical underpinnings of Naprapathic theory, including its holistic perspective on health, the body's self-regulating mechanisms, and the interplay between structure and function in musculoskeletal health.

The course will also explore the legal and regulatory landscape surrounding Naprapathy, including licensure requirements, scope of practice, professional standards, and liability issues. Students will gain an understanding of the legal rights and responsibilities of Naprapaths within healthcare systems and the broader legal framework. Overall, this course aims to equip students with a deep understanding of the historical, philosophical, ethical, and legal dimensions of Naprapathy, fostering a strong foundation for ethical and competent practice in this specialized field of manual medicine.

Prerequisite: NONE

This course offers a structured method for mastering the language essential for medical practice. It equips students with the skills to identify, construct, and understand terminology related to the human body, as well as the pathological processes, procedures, conditions, and diseases that can impact it.

Prerequisites: General biology (recommended, but not required)

This course introduces students to the fundamental laws, theories, and concepts of biology. It covers chemical principles and biological chemistry related to cellular structure and function, taxonomy, and the organization of life. Students will explore the structure and function of macromolecules, basic cell structure, energy and cellular respiration, and the genetic basis of cellular division, regulation, and inheritance. The course also examines mechanistic approaches to cellular signaling, microbiology, and the mechanisms used by both foreign and host defenses. The laboratory component is conducted through virtual labs and interactive simulations, with detailed guidance and demonstrations by an experienced instructor.

Prerequisites: APEX 401: Gross Anatomy, Physiology & Examination I w/ Lab or equivalent

This course offers a continued exploration of the fundamental laws, theories, and concepts in biology. It covers topics such as genetics, the molecular basis of replication, transcription, translation, and gene regulation, as well as the impact of mutations on gene expression. Students will learn about endocrine signaling and related diseases, neuron action potentials and signaling pathways, muscle contraction and reflexes, and the principles of homeostasis with feedback mechanisms related to blood osmolarity, blood pressure, and temperature regulation. The course also introduces pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and the clinical trial process, along with epidemiology and the global impact, surveillance, and investigation of infectious diseases. The laboratory component is conducted through virtual labs and interactive simulations, with detailed guidance and demonstrations by an experienced instructor.

Prerequisites: BIOL 401: Biology I w/Lab or equivalent